Hi, Everyone! In 1921, in the year of the
Noncooperation Movement, a new Congress creed was passed.
“The
new creed declared: ‘That the object of the Congress is the attainment of
Swaraj by the people of India by all legitimate and peaceful means.”[1]
But what exactly did the word “Swaraj” mean? Its
literal meaning is “self-rule.” But many Congress members felt the need to
clearly define what was meant by “attaining Swaraj.”
“There
were amendments suggesting that the word Swaraj be qualified by the word
‘democratic’ or replaced by the words ‘full responsible Government within the
British Commonwealth’ or by asking for a debate on the clause ‘all legitimate
and peaceful means.’ But the new creed was passed.”[2]
“So
Gandhi purposely kept Swaraj undefined. Whether the pressure from the Muslim
leaders, who were expecting an invasion of India by the Afghan ruler Amanullah,
prevailed, is a point worth considering.”[3]
By the end of the Noncooperation Movement
(supposedly to gain “Swaraj,” which the Indians assumed meant self-rule),
Swaraj was still not defined. Keer writes:
“Some
more light must be shed on Gandhi’s opposition to the resolution of independence.
He had been shelving the fact of defining the meaning of independence for the
previous twelve months. . . . The Khilafatist Muslim
leaders preferred to keep the word Swaraj undefined as they were awaiting the
overrunning of India by Afghan forces. At the Nagpur Congress, Gandhi and
Mohamed Ali had opposed B. C. Pal’s amendment to Gandhi’s draft, adding the
word ‘democratic’ to the word Swaraj. Pal wrote later in Mahomed Ali’s Comrade: ‘I learned that Swaraj was left
without any definition because the moment we tried to do so, the unity in
Congress would break up.’ Now that the treaty was signed between Afghanistan
and India, the Muslim leaders became desperate and so Hazarat Mohani struggled
hard to force the Congress to declare independence.”[4]
But Gandhi still did not allow it. He prevented Hazrat
Mohani’s resolution of complete independence from being passed through Congress.
“‘Let
us not,” he [Gandhi] added, “get into waters whose depth we do not know.’ The
proposal, if passed, would take them to unfathomable depths. Creeds were not
simple things which they could change as they did their clothes.”[5]
Mohani had claimed that Jawarharlal Nehru supported
his resolution. Nehru issued a complete denial to this. Mohani got no support
from Nehru.
“Pandit
Nehru, who was in Lucknow jail at the time, expressed his entire dissent from
Maulana Hazarat Mohani’s resolution. If he had the good fortune, he added,
to attend the Congress, he would certainly have opposed the Maulana,”[6]
On January 5, 1922—before the Noncooperation movement supposedly aiming for freedom was
called off!—Gandhi said in his magazine Young
India:
“It will be unlawful for us to
insist on independence. For it will be vindictive and petulant. It will be a
denial of God.”
Why
had he deluded the Indians that they were sacrificing their lives for freedom
of India in his Noncooperation Movement, then?!!
“About two months later, M. Paul Richard, a French
Author, declared in an interview in the Lokmanya,
that Gandhi had said to him:
‘I
do not work for freedom of India. I work for non-violence in the world.’”[7]
He dared say this after the
tremendous violence that had taken place during his Noncooperation Movement!
He dared say this after so many
Indians had made tremendous sacrifices (being unaware of his true agenda) to
participate in his Noncooperation Movement, believing in his promise of Swaraj—self-rule—in
one year!
Anurupa
Mahatma Gandhi Facts:
Gandhi Revealed
[1] Mahatma Gandhi, Political Saint and Unarmed
Prophet, by Dhananjay Keer; page 365.
[2] Ibid, page 365.
[3]
For proof of the part Gandhi played in this scheme of the Afghan invasion—an
utter betrayal of the Indian freedom cause—read Swami Shraddhanand’s article of
1926 (from a seried of 26 articles exposing the Congress) written shortly
before he was murdered. (Neo Maulana, page 124 @ http://www.anurupacinar.com/pdf/Inside%20Congress,%20twenty-six%20articles%20exposing%20the%20Congress,%20by%20Swami%20Shraddhananda.pdf)
[4] Mahatma Gandhi, by Keer, page 415.
[5] Ibid, page 414.
[6] Ibid, page 416.
[7] Ibid, page 416
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